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Rate
The unit charge or charges made by an energy company or utility to customers for energy.
Rate Design
The development of electricity prices for various customer classes to meet revenue requirements dictated by operating needs and costs within current regulatory and legislative policy goals.
Rate Schedule
The rates, charges and provisions under which service is supplied to a designated class of customers. Also referred to as a Service Classification.
Real-Time Market
The competitive generation market controlled and coordinated by the ISO for maintaining system balance by increasing or decreasing energy supply as needed.
Real-Time Pricing
Time-of-day pricing whereby the customer receives frequent signals on the cost of consuming electricity at that time.
Reduce CO2 Emissions
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), The first mandatory U.S. cap-and-trade program for carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, established in 2005 by the governors of seven Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Vermont. The program will begin by capping emissions at current levels in 2009, and
then reducing emissions 10% by 2019. Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Maryland joined
in 2007.
Regulation
The governmental function of controlling or directing economic entities through the process of rulemaking and adjudication.
Regulation Service
The process whereby one control area contracts to provide correct response to all or a portion of the ACE of another control area. The controlling utility assumes the obligation of meeting all applicable control criteria as specified by NERC.
Reliability
Electric system reliability has two components- adequacy and security. Adequacy is the ability of the electric system to supply the aggregate electrical demand and energy requirements of the customers at all times, taking into account scheduled and unscheduled outages of system facilities. Security is the ability of the electric system to withstand sudden disturbances such as electric short circuits or unanticipated loss of system facilities.
Renewable Energy
Energy harvested from sources that are not depleted when used, typically causing very low environmental impact. Examples include solar energy, hydroelectric power, and wind power.
Renewable Resource
A power source that is continuously or cyclically renewed by nature, i.e. solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass or similar sources of energy.
Requirements, Full
A sale by a supplier to a purchaser in which the seller pledges to meet all of the purchaser's requirements, or the purchaser pledges to buy all of its requirements from the seller, or both.
Requirements, Partial
A sale by a supplier to a purchaser in which the seller pledges to meet a part of the purchaser's energy requirements.
Reserve Capacity
Capacity in excess of that required to carry peak load, available to meet unanticipated demands for power or to generate power in the event of loss of generation.
Reserves
Natural gas in natural underground formation in wells, fields or pools.
Reservoir, Man-made
A structure which stores water for later use in the production of electricity. Natural: a rock stratum that forms a trap in which oil and natural gas may accumulate.
Restructuring
The unbundling of pipeline transportation, storage, gathering and sales services and associated realignment of service obligations resulting from Order No.636.
Retail Access or Retail Wheeling
The ability of an end user to purchase electricity from a supplier of choice and transmit it over the transmission grid.
Retail Competition
A system under which more than one electric provider can sell to retail customers, and retail customers are allowed to buy from more than one provider.
Retail Wheeling
The sale of electricity by a utility or other supplier to a customer in another utility's retail service territory. Refers to the use of the local utility's transmission and distribution lines to deliver the power from a wholesale supplier to a retail customer by a third party.
ROIC
Return on Invested Capital
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